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Supermarine Seafire
(詳細はSupermarine Spitfire adapted for operation from aircraft carriers. The name Seafire was arrived at by abbreviating the longer name Sea Spitfire.〔Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 247.〕
==Origins of the Seafire==
The Admiralty first showed an interest in the idea of a carrier-borne Spitfire in May 1938 when, during a meeting with Richard Fairey (of Fairey Aviation), Fairey proposed that his company could design and build such an aircraft. The idea met with a negative response and the matter was dropped. As a result, the Fleet Air Arm (FAA), at that point still part of the Royal Air Force, was forced into having to order Blackburn Rocs and Gloster Sea Gladiators, both of which proved to be woefully inadequate.〔Morgan and Shacklady 2000, pp. 505–6.〕 Upon the outbreak of the Second World War, many of the aircraft operated by the FAA were considered to be obsolete in comparison to Germany's land-based fighters; thus the need for more capable aircraft was readily apparent. As the Hawker Hurricane had quickly proven to be adaptable to carrier-based operations, there was considerable interest in navalising the Spitfire as well.〔Bachelor 1971, p. 229.〕
The matter of a seaborne Spitfire was raised again in November 1939 when the Air Ministry allowed a Commander Ermen to fly a Spitfire I. After his first flight in ''R6718'' Ermen learned that Joseph Smith, Chief Designer at Supermarine had been instructed to fit an "A-frame" arrestor hook on a Spitfire and that this had flown on 16 October; a drawing of this aircraft had been shown to the FAA on 27 October.〔Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 506.〕 After further discussions Supermarine submitted a drawing of a Spitfire with folding wings and an arrestor hook. In this case the wings were designed with a fold just outboard of the undercarriage bays; the outer wings would swivel and fold backwards, parallel with the fuselage. On 29 February 1940 the Admiralty asked the Air Ministry to sanction the production of 50 folding-wing Spitfires, with the first deliveries to start in July. For various reasons Winston Churchill, who was First Lord of the Admiralty cancelled the order, writing to Lord Beaverbrook:〔Morgan and Shacklady 2000, pp. 506–7〕 "I regard it as of very great importance that the production of Fulmars should be kept going".〔Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 507.〕
At a time of need for land Spitfires, the diversion of resources to the construction of a naval variant would reduce Spitfire production. To partially cover the gap until the Fulmar's replacement (Specification N.5/40 – which would be the Fairey Firefly) was able to enter service, Grumman Wildcats were ordered from the US for the FAA. These would enter service towards the end of 1940 as the Martlet.〔Buttler 2004, p. 175.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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